Morphine is

a highly potent opiate and acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain. For the management of intense pain, there is no other narcotic analgesic that is more effective. Morphine is very addictive when it is compared to other medications, tolerance and physiological dependencies quickly develop.

It has been proven by research that morphine medication can alter the expression of certain genes in human DNA. The drug affects two major groups of genes for proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and for cytoskeleton related problems. Long-term use can cause severe cases of constipation.

During the ’70s and ’80s, evidence showed that people who use morphine for extended periods have an increased risk of infections such as increased pneumonia, TB, and HIV. These studies lead scientists to believe that long-term use of morphine may also affect the immune system.

The more concerning adverse effects of morphine medication is the addictiveness. Its abuse potential is among the highest of all drugs known to man. Compared to other narcotic pain relievers such as codeine, hydrocarbon, oxycodone, morphine is considerably more liable for abuse and dependence. After only five days of use physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms appear.

Withdrawal symptoms that are associated with morphine addiction are felt just before the time of the next dose, and can be as early as six to twelve hours after the next administration. The adverse effects of morphine can cause severe psychological dependence. Psychological withdrawal from morphine is a long painful process. When in withdrawal people suffer severe depression, anxiety, insomnia, forgetfulness, along with low self-esteem, paranoia, and other psychological disorders. Morphine and heroin addicts have the highest relapse rate of all drug users.

Adverse effects of

[morphine addiction is

 

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